Real-Time Adaptive Virtual Inertia and Damping Control Using MPC with Experimental Results for Industrial Microgrids with High Renewable Penetration

Author : M. Sedaghatipour, S. Ghaderi

Abstract : This paper introduces a new Real-Time Adaptive Virtual Inertia Control (VIC) strategy designed to improve frequency stability in low-inertia microgrids. Our approach combines Model Predictive Control with automatic tuning via Particle Swarm Optimization, allowing the system to adjust itself on the fly. Through both simulations and experiments—including Hardware-in-the-Loop testing—we demonstrated that this method outperforms traditional controls by significantly reducing frequency f luctuations and errors, even when inertia and load conditions change. What’s more, this adaptive control operates in real time without requiring any manual tuning, making it a practical and reliable solution for keeping renewable-heavy microgrids stable and resilient.

Keywords : Real-Time Adaptive Virtual Inertia Control for Stable Low-Inertia Microgrids

Conference Name : International Conference on Electrical, Electronics, Computer , Civil and Mechanical Engineering (ICEECCME-25)

Conference Place : Frankfurt Germany

Conference Date : 5th Sep 2025