Schizophrenia Outpatients in Yogyakarta: Evidence From SEM-PLS Modeling

Author : Dianing Aulia Puspitasari, Bangunawati Rahajeng

Abstract : Objectives: The purpose of this study is to ascertain the prevalence of DRPs in schizophrenia patients at the PKU Muhammadiyah Hospital Yogyakarta Outpatient Psychiatric Unit by employing PCNE V9.1 and to investigate the correlation between patient characteristics and the prevalence of DRPs. Materials and Methods: This observational study employed a longitudinal design and successive sampling methodology. This study was conducted at the PKU Muhammadiyah Gamping Hospital in Yogyakarta. 103 schizophrenia patients who fulfilled the inclusion criteria constituted the sample size. Additionally, the data was examined with PCNE V9.1, NCC-MERP, and Partial Least Squares Structural Equation Modelling (SEM-PLS). The model was analyzed using SEM-PLS. Validity was assessed based on factor loading (≥0.40), AVE (≥0.50), and reliability through composite reliability & Cronbach’s alpha (≥0.60). Results: 278 DRPs were identified, with an average of 2.70 DRPs per patient. The most frequent DRP types involved inappropriate drug selection (40.29%), particularly due to drug-drug interactions, followed byadverse drug reactions (34.17%). Risperidone and clozapine were the most implicated drugs. The most common side effects included weight gain and sedation. Most DRPs were classified as causing no harm (56.11%), while 1.08% caused actual patient harm. These findings confirm that patient condition is the primary factor influencing DRP, while sociodemographic did not show significant relationships. Conclusion: Although most DRPs were classified as causing no harm, regular monitoring remains essential. These findings underscore the critical role of clinical pharmacists in detecting and managing DRPs to improve treatment safety and adherence.

Keywords : Antipsychotics, Drug Related Problems, PCNE V9.1, Schizophrenia.

Conference Name : International Symposium on Clinical Pharmacy and Therapeutics (ISCPT - 26)

Conference Place : Amman, Jordan

Conference Date : 29th Jan 2026