Antimicrobial efficacy of a citric acid/hydrochloric acid blend, peroxyacetic acid, and sulfuric acid against Salmonella and background microbiota on chicken hearts and livers

Author : Emma Nakimera

Abstract : This study aimed at evaluating the efficacy of a blend of citric acid and hydrochloric acid (CP), peroxyacetic acid (PAA), and sulfuric acid (SA) against Salmonella and mesophilic aerobic plate counts (APC) on chicken hearts and livers. Samples were inoculated with a five-serovar cocktail of Salmonella at ca. 4.8 log CFU/g and treated by immersion with a water control (90 s), CP (5% v/v, 30 s), PAA (0.05% v/v or 500 ppm, 90 s), or SA (2% v/v, 30 s), all at 4○C and with mechanical agitation. Samples were vacuum packed and stored for up to 3 days at 4○C. Three independent replications were performed for each product, treatment, and time combination. The average Salmonella reductions in chicken hearts after 3 days were 1.33± 0.25, 1.40 ± 0.04, and 1.32 ± 0.12 log CFU/g for PAA, SA, and CP, respectively. For chicken livers, the values were 1.10 ± 0.12, 1.09 ± 0.19, and 0.96 ± 0.27 for PAA, SA, and CP, respectively. All antimicrobials reduced Salmonella counts in both chicken hearts and livers by more than one log, in contrast to the water control. All treatments effectively minimized the growth of APC for up to 3 days of refrigerated storage, and no differences in objective color values (L, a, or b) were observed. The poultry industry may use these antimicrobials as components of a multifaceted approach to mitigate Salmonella in nonconventional chicken parts.

Keywords : Antimicrobials, chicken, offal, Salmonella, variety meats.

Conference Name : International Conference on Food Quality Assurance and Safety (ICFQAS-26)

Conference Place : Philadelphia, USA

Conference Date : 28th Mar 2026